博客

PHP 魔术变量

所有魔术变量表示的值均区分大小写

CLASS

表示代码所在类的名字

// 文件 define.php
namespace Base
{
    abstract class Fruit
    {
        public function __construct()
        {
            // 输出 Base\Fruit
            echo __CLASS__;
            echo "\n";
            // 输出 Sub\Apple
            echo get_class($this);
            echo "\n";
        }

        public function hello()
        {
            // 输出 Base\Fruit
            echo __CLASS__;
            echo "\n";
        }
    }
}

namespace Sub
{
    class Apple extends \Base\Fruit
    {
        public function say()
        {
            // 输出 Sub\Apple
            echo __CLASS__;
            echo "\n";
        }
    }
}

// 文件 test.php
require __DIR__ . '/define.php';

$Apple = new Sub\Apple();
$Apple->hello();
$Apple->say();

DIR

表示代码所在文件所在的完整目录名，等价于 dirname(__FILE__)，不包括末尾的斜杠 /

// 文件 test.php
// 输出 test.php 所在目录 /opt/wwwroot/test
echo __DIR__;
echo "\n";

FUNCTION

表示代码所在函数的名称

function foo()
{
    // 输出函数名 foo
    echo __FUNCTION__;
    echo "\n";
}
foo();

FILE

表示代码所在文件的完整路径名

// 文件 test.php
// 输出 test.php 所在目录 /opt/wwwroot/test/test.php
echo __FILE__;

LINE

表示代码所在文件中的行号

// 文件 test.php
// 输出代码行号
echo __LINE__;

METHOD

表示代码所在函数的名称

// 文件 define.php
namespace Base;

function foo()
{
    // 输出函数名 Base\foo
    echo __FUNCTION__;
    echo "\n";
    // 输出函数名 Base\foo
    echo __METHOD__;
    echo "\n";
}

class Foo
{
    public function bar()
    {
        // 输出函数名 bar
        echo __FUNCTION__;
        echo "\n";
        // 输出方法名 Base\Foo::bar
        echo __METHOD__;
        echo "\n";
    }

    public static function staticBar()
    {
        // 输出函数名 staticBar
        echo __FUNCTION__;
        echo "\n";
        // 输出方法名 Base\Foo::staticBar
        echo __METHOD__;
        echo "\n";
    }
}

// 文件 test.php
require __DIR__ . '/define.php';

Base\foo();

$foo = new Base\Foo();
$foo->bar();
$foo->staticBar();

TRAIT

表示代码所在 trait 的名称，包含完整限定的 namespace

// 文件 define.php
namespace Base
{
    trait Wheel
    {
        public function roll()
        {
            // 输出 Base\Wheel
            echo __TRAIT__;
            echo "\n";
            // 输出 Sub\Car
            echo __CLASS__;
            echo "\n";
        }
    }
}

namespace Sub
{
    class Car
    {
        use \Base\Wheel;

        public function start()
        {
            $this->roll();
            // 输出空字符串
            echo __TRAIT__;
            echo "\n";
            // 输出 Sub\Car
            echo __CLASS__;
            echo "\n";
        }
    }
}

// 文件 test.php
require __DIR__ . '/define.php';

$car = new Sub\Car();
$car->start();

NAMESPACE

表示当前代码所在命名空间

namespace Vendor\Util;

// 输出命名空间 Vendor\Util
echo __NAMESPACE__;
echo "\n";

function foo()
{
    // 输出命名空间 Vendor\Util
    echo __NAMESPACE__;
    echo "\n";
}

foo();

2016年3月25日

mysqldump 命令

mysqldump 常用操作命令

2016年3月24日

PHP 超全局变量

PHP 超全局变量(Superglobal)是自动化的全局变量，在任何作用域都可以使用，不需要使用 global 关键字声明 $variable。

变量名	说明
$GLOBALS	引用了全部全局变量的数组，如 $GLOBALS[‘_GET’]、$GLOBALS[‘_POST’] 等等，以及一个对自身 GLOBALS 的引用。
$_COOKIE	PHP 解析浏览器请求携带的 cookie 生成的数组
$_ENV	$_ENV 包含当前的环境变量，与 phpinfo() 输出的 Environment 表格一致，但默认为空，通过 getenv() 可以获取到指定的环境变量
$_FILES	$_FILES 包含当前 HTTP POST 上传的文件列表。
$_GET	$_GET 包含 URL 参数列表
$_POST	$_POST 包含 POST 参数列表
$_REQUEST	可能包含 $_GET、$_POST、$_COOKIE，不包含 $_FILES。 request_order 控制包含的参数列表。
$_SERVER	包含服务器和脚本执行环境信息，比如 HTTP 请求头信息、脚本信息，不同服务器信息会有不同。
$_SESSION	包含当前 SESSION 变量列表。需要先调用 session_start() 开启会话。
$argc	以命令行（CLI）形式运行 PHP 脚本，传递给脚本的参数总数。需要开启 register_argc_argv
$argv	以命令行（CLI）形式运行 PHP 脚本，传递给脚本的参数数组。需要开启 register_argc_argv
$http_response_header	保存当前作用域下最新 HTTP 请求的的响应头信息
$php_errormsg	开启 track_errors 时，PHP 执行的最新错误信息

$GLOBALS

$name = 'Seven';
function hello() {
	$name = 'Eight';
	echo "local name is $name"; // Eight
	echo "\n",
	echo "global name is "
		. $GLOBALS['name']; // Seven
}

php.ini 中的 register_globals(在 PHP 5.4.0 中被移除)表示将 globals 变量中的成员自动注册为全局变量。

// 设置 register_globals = on;
$_GET['name'] = 'Seven';
$name === $_GET['name']; // true

// 设置 register_globals = off;
// 不会将 global 变量中的成员自动注册为全局变量

$_COOKIE

$_COOKIE 包含当前请求的 cookie 列表，在请求中使用 setcookie 再调用 $_COOKIE 不会立刻获得相同的值。

// 设置 cookie
setcookie('name', 'Seven');
// 获取 cookie
$_COOKIE['name'] // 不能立刻获得设置的 cookie
// 因为 $_COOKIE 存放的是当前浏览器发送到服务器的 cookie
// 其次， setcookie 不一定设置 cookie 成功

$_ENV

默认的 $_ENV 数组为空，是因为 variables_order可能没有包含 E —— _ENV。

CEGPS 分别对应 $_COOKIE、$_ENV、$_GET、$_POST、$_SERVER，variables_order 的默认值没有包含 E，因此不会设置超全局变量 $_ENV。variables_order 为空则不会设置任何超全局变量。

$_FILES

$_FILES 包含的是文件列表，是一个二维数组，一般结合 move_uploaded_file() 将上传的文件存放到需要的位置，类似结构如下：

array(
	// myfile 是 input 表单的 name 属性
	'myfile' => array(
		'name' => '', // 文件的原名称
		'type' => '', // 文件的 MIME 类型
		'size' => '', // 文件的字节大小
		'tmp_name' => '', // 存放的包含路径的临时文件名
		'error' => '', // 上传的错误代码
	);
);
// 如果 php 对 upload_tmp_dir 没有写入权限，
// 则上传的文件无法存放在文件系统上

$_GET

$_POST

$_POST 只解析类似 URL 参数列表结构的 POST BODY 中的数据，比如将 name=Seven 解析为 $_POST[‘name’] = Seven，调用 AJAX XMLHttpRequest 的 send() 方法传递的字符串一般类似 name=Seven&age=20。
$_POST 不能解析文件流，也不能解析 send() 的 JSON 字符串，需要使用 @file_get_contents(‘php://input’) 获取 POST 的内容，再进行解析——比如 json_decode 获得 JSON，base64_decode 获得二进制流。

$_REQUEST

// request_order = 'GP'
// 表示 $_REQUEST 包含 $_GET、$_POST 内容
// 同名 key 后者覆盖前者

// request_order = 'GPC'
// 表示 $_REQUEST 包含 $_GET、$_POST、$_COOKIE 内容

$_SERVER

$_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] // HTTP 请求的主机
$_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'] // HTTP 请求 User-Agent
$_SERVER['HTTP_COOKIE'] // HTTP 请求 COOKIE
$_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE'] // 可以接受的语言列表
// 与 HTTP 请求相关的信息大部分以 HTTP_ 开始

get_defined_functions

返回一个二维数组，包含定义的函数名列表：区分 internal、user。

// get_defined_functions 返回值
array (
	'internal' => array (
		'zend_version',
		'func_num_args',
		'func_get_arg',
		// ...
	),
	'user' => array (
		'get_client_ip',
		'get_client_device',
		'get_client_browser',
	),
);

get_defined_constants

返回定义的常量数组，常量名作为 key，常量值作为 value。

get_defined_vars

返回定义的变量数组。

extract

将数组的成员导入到当前作用域。

$a = array(
	'b' => 'b',
);
extract($a);
echo $b; // 输出字符串 b
// 如果数组的成员与当前变量名重名会发生什么？

2016年3月9日

网页加载优化 DNS 预解析

网站功能越来越复杂，除了主站域名、CDN域名、图片域名、接口域名，还可能有第三方分享、OAuth认证。

<!-- 1, 通过设置 header 或者 meta 标签
    设置 x-dns-prefetch-control 为 on -->
<meta http-equiv="x-dns-prefetch-control" content="on">
<!-- 2, 通过 link 标签指定要预解析的域名 -->
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//s.zhengxianjun.com">

附：DNS解析过程

2016年3月7日

对比jQuery和Zepto

对比两者到2016年3月8号最新的版本 jQuery 2.2.1 http://jquery.com/ 和 Zepto 1.1.6 http://zeptojs.com/。

简单对比

	jQuery 2.2.1	Zepto 1.1.6
文件大小
浏览器支持	Internet Explorer 9+ Chrome, Edge, Firefox (Current – 1) or Current Safari 5.1+ Opera 12.1x, (Current – 1) or Current iOS 6.1+ Android 2.3, 4.0+	Primary (100% support) Safari 6+ (Mac) Chrome 30+ (Windows, Mac, Android, iOS, Linux, Chrome OS) Firefox 24+ (Windows, Mac, Android, Linux, Firefox OS) iOS 5+ Safari Android 2.3+ Browser Internet Explorer 10+ (Windows, Windows Phone) Secondary targets (fmenuly or mostly supported) iOS 3+ Safari Chrome <30 Firefox 4+ Safari <6 Android Browser 2.2 Opera 10+ webOS 1.4.5+ Browser BlackBerry Tablet OS 1.0.7+ Browser Amazon Silk 1.0+ Other WebKit-based browsers/runtimes
成员函数数量
工具函数数量
授权协议	无特殊说明均为MIT	MIT

详细对比

2016年3月5日

使用JavaScript库jQuery.qrcode生成二维码

在线二维码生成器

使用开源二维码库 jquery.qrcode.js (https://github.com/jeromeetienne/jquery-qrcode)在浏览器上直接生成二维码，不需要后端程序支持。该库对中文不友好。

生成二维码

$('#qrcode')
	.empty(()
	.qrcode({
		render: window.CanvasPattern ? 'canvas' : 'table',
		width: 300,
		height: 300,
		text: 'blog.zhengxianjun.com'
	});

jquery.qrcode 核心是 qrcode.js，jquery.qrcode.js 将其封装成了 jQuery 扩展，封装代码很少。以表格 table 模式可以使在不支持 canvas 的浏览器下也能正常运行。

二维码配置

var options = {
	render        : "canvas", // 渲染方式 table|canvas
	width         : 256, // 二维码宽度
	height        : 256, // 二维码高度
	typeNumber    : -1, // 计算模式
	correctLevel  : QRErrorCorrectLevel.H, // 纠错等级
	background    : "#ffffff", // 背景色
	foreground    : "#000000" // 前景色
};

中文二维码

jquery.qrcode 使用 charCodeAt 转码，charCodeAt 使用的 2 位的 Unicode 编码，中文字符采用 3 位的 UTF8 编码，两者长度不匹配，导致生成二维码的源字符流有误。

需要先将 UTF16 转 UTF8，实现来自 http://www.onicos.com/staff/iz/amuse/javascript/expert/utf.txt

function utf16to8(str) {
	var out, i, len, c;
	out = '';
	len = str.length;
	for(i = 0; i < len; i++) { c = str.charCodeAt(i); if ((c >= 0x0001) && (c <= 0x007F)) { out += str.charAt(i); } else if (c > 0x07FF) {
			out += String.fromCharCode(0xE0 | ((c >> 12) & 0x0F));
			out += String.fromCharCode(0x80 | ((c >>  6) & 0x3F));
			out += String.fromCharCode(0x80 | ((c >>  0) & 0x3F));
		} else {
			out += String.fromCharCode(0xC0 | ((c >>  6) & 0x1F));
			out += String.fromCharCode(0x80 | ((c >>  0) & 0x3F));
		}
	}
	return out;
}

2016年2月29日

微信 WebView User-Agent

Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 8_4 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/600.1.4 (KHTML, like Gecko) Mobile/12H143 MicroMessenger/6.2.2 NetType/WIFI Language/zh_CN

2016年2月23日

AngularJS 取消对 HTML 转义

AngularJS 默认情况下会对输出的变量进行HTML转义。

<div class="feature_brief">{{item.brief}}</div>

使用 trustHTML 过滤器信任字段，取消对 HTML 转义。

<div ng-bind-html="item.brief|trustHtml"></div>

AngularJS 代码如下：

app.filter('trustHtml', function($sce) {
	return function(input) {
		return $sce.trustAsHtml(input);
	};
});

2015年11月16日

HTTP Content-Type 对照表

Content Type 对照表

Content-Type(Mime-Type)	扩展名	Content-Type(Mime-Type)	扩展名
application/fractals	.fif	application/futuresplash	.spl
application/hta	.hta	application/mac-binhex40	.hqx
application/msaccess	.mdb	application/msword	.wiz
application/octet-stream	.*	application/pdf	.pdf
application/pics-rules	.prf	application/pkcs10	.p10
application/pkcs7-mime	.p7m	application/pkcs7-signature	.p7s
application/pkix-crl	.crl	application/postscript	.ai
application/rat-file	.rat	application/sdp	.sdp
application/smil	.smil	application/streamingmedia	.ssm
application/vnd.adobe.edn	.edn	application/vnd.adobe.pdx	.pdx
application/vnd.adobe.rmf	.rmf	application/vnd.adobe.workflow	.awf
application/vnd.adobe.xdp	.xdp	application/vnd.adobe.xfd	.xfd
application/vnd.adobe.xfdf	.xfdf	application/vnd.android.package-archive	.apk
application/vnd.fdf	.fdf	application/vnd.iphone	.ipa
application/vnd.ms-excel	.xls	application/vnd.ms-pki.certstore	.sst
application/vnd.ms-pki.pko	.pko	application/vnd.ms-pki.seccat	.cat
application/vnd.ms-pki.stl	.stl	application/vnd.ms-powerpoint	.pwz
application/vnd.ms-project	.mpx	application/vnd.ms-wpl	.wpl
application/vnd.rn-realmedia	.rm	application/vnd.rn-realmedia-secure	.rms
application/vnd.rn-realmedia-vbr	.rmvb	application/vnd.rn-realplayer	.rnx
application/vnd.rn-realsystem-rjs	.rjs	application/vnd.rn-realsystem-rjt	.rjt
application/vnd.rn-realsystem-rmj	.rmj	application/vnd.rn-realsystem-rmx	.rmx
application/vnd.rn-recording	.rec	application/vnd.rn-rn_music_package	.rmp
application/vnd.rn-rsml	.rsml	application/vnd.symbian.install	.sisx
application/vnd.visio	.vtx	application/x-001	.001
application/x-301	.301	application/x-906	.906
application/x-a11	.a11	application/x-anv	.anv
application/x-bittorrent	.torrent	application/x-bmp	.bmp
application/x-bot	.bot	application/x-c4t	.c4t
application/x-c90	.c90	application/x-cals	.cal
application/x-cdr	.cdr	application/x-cel	.cel
application/x-cgm	.cgm	application/x-cit	.cit
application/x-cmp	.cmp	application/x-cmx	.cmx
application/x-cot	.cot	application/x-csi	.csi
application/x-cut	.cut	application/x-dbf	.dbf
application/x-dbm	.dbm	application/x-dbx	.dbx
application/x-dcx	.dcx	application/x-dgn	.dgn
application/x-dib	.dib	application/x-drw	.drw
application/x-dwf	.dwf	application/x-dwg	.dwg
application/x-dxb	.dxb	application/x-dxf	.dxf
application/x-ebx	.etd	application/x-emf	.emf
application/x-epi	.epi	application/x-frm	.frm
application/x-g4	.ig4	application/x-gbr	.gbr
application/x-gl2	.gl2	application/x-gp4	.gp4
application/x-hgl	.hgl	application/x-hmr	.hmr
application/x-hpgl	.hpg	application/x-hpl	.hpl
application/x-hrf	.hrf	application/x-icb	.icb
application/x-icq	.uin	application/x-iff	.iff
application/x-igs	.igs	application/x-img	.img
application/x-internet-signup	.isp	application/x-iphone	.iii
application/x-javascript	.mocha	application/x-laplayer-reg	.lar
application/x-latex	.latex	application/x-lbm	.lbm
application/x-ltr	.ltr	application/x-mac	.mac
application/x-mi	.mi	application/x-mil	.mil
application/x-mmxp	.mxp	application/x-ms-wmd	.wmd
application/x-ms-wmz	.wmz	application/x-msdownload	.exe
application/x-netcdf	.cdf	application/x-nrf	.nrf
application/x-out	.out	application/x-pc5	.pc5
application/x-pci	.pci	application/x-pcl	.pcl
application/x-pcx	.pcx	application/x-perl	.pl
application/x-pgl	.pgl	application/x-pic	.pic
application/x-pkcs12	.pfx	application/x-pkcs7-certificates	.spc
application/x-pkcs7-certreqresp	.p7r	application/x-plt	.plt
application/x-ppm	.ppm	application/x-pr	.pr
application/x-prn	.prn	application/x-prt	.prt
application/x-ps	.ps	application/x-ptn	.ptn
application/x-ras	.ras	application/x-red	.red
application/x-rgb	.rgb	application/x-rlc	.rlc
application/x-rle	.rle	application/x-sam	.sam
application/x-sat	.sat	application/x-sdw	.sdw
application/x-shockwave-flash	.swf	application/x-silverlight-app	.xap
application/x-slb	.slb	application/x-sld	.sld
application/x-smk	.smk	application/x-stuffit	.sit
application/x-sty	.sty	application/x-tdf	.tdf
application/x-tg4	.tg4	application/x-tga	.tga
application/x-troff-man	.man	application/x-vda	.vda
application/x-vpeg005	.vpg	application/x-wb1	.wb1
application/x-wb2	.wb2	application/x-wb3	.wb3
application/x-wk3	.wk3	application/x-wk4	.wk4
application/x-wkq	.wkq	application/x-wks	.wks
application/x-wmf	.wmf	application/x-wp6	.wp6
application/x-wpd	.wpd	application/x-wpg	.wpg
application/x-wq1	.wq1	application/x-wr1	.wr1
application/x-wri	.wri	application/x-wrk	.wrk
application/x-ws	.ws2	application/x-x509-ca-cert	.der
application/x-x_b	.x_b	application/x-x_t	.x_t
application/x-xlw	.xlw	application/x-xwd	.xwd
audio/aiff	.aiff	audio/basic	.snd
audio/mid	.rmi	audio/mp1	.mp1
audio/mp2	.mp2	audio/mp3	.mp3
audio/mpegurl	.m3u	audio/rn-mpeg	.mpga
audio/scpls	.xpl	audio/vnd.rn-realaudio	.ra
audio/wav	.wav	audio/x-la-lms	.lmsff
audio/x-liquid-file	.la1	audio/x-liquid-secure	.lavs
audio/x-mei-aac	.acp	audio/x-ms-wax	.wax
audio/x-ms-wma	.wma	audio/x-musicnet-download	.mnd
audio/x-musicnet-stream	.mns	audio/x-pn-realaudio	.rmm
audio/x-pn-realaudio-plugin	.rpm	drawing/907	.907
drawing/x-slk	.slk	drawing/x-top	.top
image/fax	.fax	image/gif	.gif
image/jpeg	.jpg	image/pnetvue	.net
image/png	.png	image/tiff	.tiff
image/vnd.rn-realpix	.rp	image/vnd.wap.wbmp	.wbmp
image/x-icon	.ico	java/*	.java
java/class	.class	message/rfc822	.nws
text/asa	.asa	text/asp	.asp
text/css	.css	text/h323	.323
text/html	.xhtml	text/iuls	.uls
text/plain	.txt	text/scriptlet	.wsc
text/vnd.rn-realtext	.rt	text/vnd.rn-realtext3d	.r3t
text/vnd.wap.wml	.wml	text/webviewhtml	.htt
text/x-component	.htc	text/x-ms-odc	.odc
text/x-vcard	.vcf	text/xml	.xslt
video/avi	.avi	video/mpeg	.mpv2
video/mpeg4	.mp4	video/mpg	.mpv
video/vnd.rn-realvideo	.rv	video/x-ivf	.IVF
video/x-mpeg	.mps	video/x-mpg	.mpa
video/x-ms-asf	.asx	video/x-ms-wm	.wm
video/x-ms-wmv	.wmv	video/x-ms-wmx	.wmx
video/x-ms-wvx	.wvx	video/x-sgi-movie	.movie

PHP 数组

$ar_type = array(
	'*' => 'application/octet-stream',
	'001' => 'application/x-001',
	'301' => 'application/x-301',
	'323' => 'text/h323',
	'906' => 'application/x-906',
	'907' => 'drawing/907',
	'IVF' => 'video/x-ivf',
	'a11' => 'application/x-a11',
	'acp' => 'audio/x-mei-aac',
	'ai' => 'application/postscript',
	'aif' => 'audio/aiff',
	'aifc' => 'audio/aiff',
	'aiff' => 'audio/aiff',
	'anv' => 'application/x-anv',
	'apk' => 'application/vnd.android.package-archive',
	'asa' => 'text/asa',
	'asf' => 'video/x-ms-asf',
	'asp' => 'text/asp',
	'asx' => 'video/x-ms-asf',
	'au' => 'audio/basic',
	'avi' => 'video/avi',
	'awf' => 'application/vnd.adobe.workflow',
	'biz' => 'text/xml',
	'bmp' => 'application/x-bmp',
	'bot' => 'application/x-bot',
	'c4t' => 'application/x-c4t',
	'c90' => 'application/x-c90',
	'cal' => 'application/x-cals',
	'cat' => 'application/vnd.ms-pki.seccat',
	'cdf' => 'application/x-netcdf',
	'cdr' => 'application/x-cdr',
	'cel' => 'application/x-cel',
	'cer' => 'application/x-x509-ca-cert',
	'cg4' => 'application/x-g4',
	'cgm' => 'application/x-cgm',
	'cit' => 'application/x-cit',
	'class' => 'java/class',
	'cml' => 'text/xml',
	'cmp' => 'application/x-cmp',
	'cmx' => 'application/x-cmx',
	'cot' => 'application/x-cot',
	'crl' => 'application/pkix-crl',
	'crt' => 'application/x-x509-ca-cert',
	'csi' => 'application/x-csi',
	'css' => 'text/css',
	'cut' => 'application/x-cut',
	'dbf' => 'application/x-dbf',
	'dbm' => 'application/x-dbm',
	'dbx' => 'application/x-dbx',
	'dcd' => 'text/xml',
	'dcx' => 'application/x-dcx',
	'der' => 'application/x-x509-ca-cert',
	'dgn' => 'application/x-dgn',
	'dib' => 'application/x-dib',
	'dll' => 'application/x-msdownload',
	'doc' => 'application/msword',
	'dot' => 'application/msword',
	'drw' => 'application/x-drw',
	'dtd' => 'text/xml',
	'dwf' => 'application/x-dwf',
	'dwg' => 'application/x-dwg',
	'dxb' => 'application/x-dxb',
	'dxf' => 'application/x-dxf',
	'edn' => 'application/vnd.adobe.edn',
	'emf' => 'application/x-emf',
	'eml' => 'message/rfc822',
	'ent' => 'text/xml',
	'epi' => 'application/x-epi',
	'eps' => 'application/x-ps',
	'etd' => 'application/x-ebx',
	'exe' => 'application/x-msdownload',
	'fax' => 'image/fax',
	'fdf' => 'application/vnd.fdf',
	'fif' => 'application/fractals',
	'fo' => 'text/xml',
	'frm' => 'application/x-frm',
	'g4' => 'application/x-g4',
	'gbr' => 'application/x-gbr',
	'gif' => 'image/gif',
	'gl2' => 'application/x-gl2',
	'gp4' => 'application/x-gp4',
	'hgl' => 'application/x-hgl',
	'hmr' => 'application/x-hmr',
	'hpg' => 'application/x-hpgl',
	'hpl' => 'application/x-hpl',
	'hqx' => 'application/mac-binhex40',
	'hrf' => 'application/x-hrf',
	'hta' => 'application/hta',
	'htc' => 'text/x-component',
	'htm' => 'text/html',
	'html' => 'text/html',
	'htt' => 'text/webviewhtml',
	'htx' => 'text/html',
	'icb' => 'application/x-icb',
	'ico' => 'image/x-icon',
	'iff' => 'application/x-iff',
	'ig4' => 'application/x-g4',
	'igs' => 'application/x-igs',
	'iii' => 'application/x-iphone',
	'img' => 'application/x-img',
	'ins' => 'application/x-internet-signup',
	'ipa' => 'application/vnd.iphone',
	'isp' => 'application/x-internet-signup',
	'java' => 'java/*',
	'jfif' => 'image/jpeg',
	'jpe' => 'image/jpeg',
	'jpeg' => 'image/jpeg',
	'jpg' => 'image/jpeg',
	'js' => 'application/x-javascript',
	'jsp' => 'text/html',
	'la1' => 'audio/x-liquid-file',
	'lar' => 'application/x-laplayer-reg',
	'latex' => 'application/x-latex',
	'lavs' => 'audio/x-liquid-secure',
	'lbm' => 'application/x-lbm',
	'lmsff' => 'audio/x-la-lms',
	'ls' => 'application/x-javascript',
	'ltr' => 'application/x-ltr',
	'm1v' => 'video/x-mpeg',
	'm2v' => 'video/x-mpeg',
	'm3u' => 'audio/mpegurl',
	'm4e' => 'video/mpeg4',
	'mac' => 'application/x-mac',
	'man' => 'application/x-troff-man',
	'math' => 'text/xml',
	'mdb' => 'application/msaccess',
	'mfp' => 'application/x-shockwave-flash',
	'mht' => 'message/rfc822',
	'mhtml' => 'message/rfc822',
	'mi' => 'application/x-mi',
	'mid' => 'audio/mid',
	'midi' => 'audio/mid',
	'mil' => 'application/x-mil',
	'mml' => 'text/xml',
	'mnd' => 'audio/x-musicnet-download',
	'mns' => 'audio/x-musicnet-stream',
	'mocha' => 'application/x-javascript',
	'movie' => 'video/x-sgi-movie',
	'mp1' => 'audio/mp1',
	'mp2' => 'audio/mp2',
	'mp2v' => 'video/mpeg',
	'mp3' => 'audio/mp3',
	'mp4' => 'video/mpeg4',
	'mpa' => 'video/x-mpg',
	'mpd' => 'application/vnd.ms-project',
	'mpe' => 'video/x-mpeg',
	'mpeg' => 'video/mpg',
	'mpg' => 'video/mpg',
	'mpga' => 'audio/rn-mpeg',
	'mpp' => 'application/vnd.ms-project',
	'mps' => 'video/x-mpeg',
	'mpt' => 'application/vnd.ms-project',
	'mpv' => 'video/mpg',
	'mpv2' => 'video/mpeg',
	'mpw' => 'application/vnd.ms-project',
	'mpx' => 'application/vnd.ms-project',
	'mtx' => 'text/xml',
	'mxp' => 'application/x-mmxp',
	'net' => 'image/pnetvue',
	'nrf' => 'application/x-nrf',
	'nws' => 'message/rfc822',
	'odc' => 'text/x-ms-odc',
	'out' => 'application/x-out',
	'p10' => 'application/pkcs10',
	'p12' => 'application/x-pkcs12',
	'p7b' => 'application/x-pkcs7-certificates',
	'p7c' => 'application/pkcs7-mime',
	'p7m' => 'application/pkcs7-mime',
	'p7r' => 'application/x-pkcs7-certreqresp',
	'p7s' => 'application/pkcs7-signature',
	'pc5' => 'application/x-pc5',
	'pci' => 'application/x-pci',
	'pcl' => 'application/x-pcl',
	'pcx' => 'application/x-pcx',
	'pdf' => 'application/pdf',
	'pdx' => 'application/vnd.adobe.pdx',
	'pfx' => 'application/x-pkcs12',
	'pgl' => 'application/x-pgl',
	'pic' => 'application/x-pic',
	'pko' => 'application/vnd.ms-pki.pko',
	'pl' => 'application/x-perl',
	'plg' => 'text/html',
	'pls' => 'audio/scpls',
	'plt' => 'application/x-plt',
	'png' => 'image/png',
	'pot' => 'application/vnd.ms-powerpoint',
	'ppa' => 'application/vnd.ms-powerpoint',
	'ppm' => 'application/x-ppm',
	'pps' => 'application/vnd.ms-powerpoint',
	'ppt' => 'application/vnd.ms-powerpoint',
	'pr' => 'application/x-pr',
	'prf' => 'application/pics-rules',
	'prn' => 'application/x-prn',
	'prt' => 'application/x-prt',
	'ps' => 'application/x-ps',
	'ptn' => 'application/x-ptn',
	'pwz' => 'application/vnd.ms-powerpoint',
	'r3t' => 'text/vnd.rn-realtext3d',
	'ra' => 'audio/vnd.rn-realaudio',
	'ram' => 'audio/x-pn-realaudio',
	'ras' => 'application/x-ras',
	'rat' => 'application/rat-file',
	'rdf' => 'text/xml',
	'rec' => 'application/vnd.rn-recording',
	'red' => 'application/x-red',
	'rgb' => 'application/x-rgb',
	'rjs' => 'application/vnd.rn-realsystem-rjs',
	'rjt' => 'application/vnd.rn-realsystem-rjt',
	'rlc' => 'application/x-rlc',
	'rle' => 'application/x-rle',
	'rm' => 'application/vnd.rn-realmedia',
	'rmf' => 'application/vnd.adobe.rmf',
	'rmi' => 'audio/mid',
	'rmj' => 'application/vnd.rn-realsystem-rmj',
	'rmm' => 'audio/x-pn-realaudio',
	'rmp' => 'application/vnd.rn-rn_music_package',
	'rms' => 'application/vnd.rn-realmedia-secure',
	'rmvb' => 'application/vnd.rn-realmedia-vbr',
	'rmx' => 'application/vnd.rn-realsystem-rmx',
	'rnx' => 'application/vnd.rn-realplayer',
	'rp' => 'image/vnd.rn-realpix',
	'rpm' => 'audio/x-pn-realaudio-plugin',
	'rsml' => 'application/vnd.rn-rsml',
	'rt' => 'text/vnd.rn-realtext',
	'rtf' => 'application/msword',
	'rv' => 'video/vnd.rn-realvideo',
	'sam' => 'application/x-sam',
	'sat' => 'application/x-sat',
	'sdp' => 'application/sdp',
	'sdw' => 'application/x-sdw',
	'sis' => 'application/vnd.symbian.install',
	'sisx' => 'application/vnd.symbian.install',
	'sit' => 'application/x-stuffit',
	'slb' => 'application/x-slb',
	'sld' => 'application/x-sld',
	'slk' => 'drawing/x-slk',
	'smi' => 'application/smil',
	'smil' => 'application/smil',
	'smk' => 'application/x-smk',
	'snd' => 'audio/basic',
	'sol' => 'text/plain',
	'sor' => 'text/plain',
	'spc' => 'application/x-pkcs7-certificates',
	'spl' => 'application/futuresplash',
	'spp' => 'text/xml',
	'ssm' => 'application/streamingmedia',
	'sst' => 'application/vnd.ms-pki.certstore',
	'stl' => 'application/vnd.ms-pki.stl',
	'stm' => 'text/html',
	'sty' => 'application/x-sty',
	'svg' => 'text/xml',
	'swf' => 'application/x-shockwave-flash',
	'tdf' => 'application/x-tdf',
	'tg4' => 'application/x-tg4',
	'tga' => 'application/x-tga',
	'tif' => 'image/tiff',
	'tiff' => 'image/tiff',
	'tld' => 'text/xml',
	'top' => 'drawing/x-top',
	'torrent' => 'application/x-bittorrent',
	'tsd' => 'text/xml',
	'txt' => 'text/plain',
	'uin' => 'application/x-icq',
	'uls' => 'text/iuls',
	'vcf' => 'text/x-vcard',
	'vda' => 'application/x-vda',
	'vdx' => 'application/vnd.visio',
	'vml' => 'text/xml',
	'vpg' => 'application/x-vpeg005',
	'vsd' => 'application/vnd.visio',
	'vss' => 'application/vnd.visio',
	'vst' => 'application/vnd.visio',
	'vsw' => 'application/vnd.visio',
	'vsx' => 'application/vnd.visio',
	'vtx' => 'application/vnd.visio',
	'vxml' => 'text/xml',
	'wav' => 'audio/wav',
	'wax' => 'audio/x-ms-wax',
	'wb1' => 'application/x-wb1',
	'wb2' => 'application/x-wb2',
	'wb3' => 'application/x-wb3',
	'wbmp' => 'image/vnd.wap.wbmp',
	'wiz' => 'application/msword',
	'wk3' => 'application/x-wk3',
	'wk4' => 'application/x-wk4',
	'wkq' => 'application/x-wkq',
	'wks' => 'application/x-wks',
	'wm' => 'video/x-ms-wm',
	'wma' => 'audio/x-ms-wma',
	'wmd' => 'application/x-ms-wmd',
	'wmf' => 'application/x-wmf',
	'wml' => 'text/vnd.wap.wml',
	'wmv' => 'video/x-ms-wmv',
	'wmx' => 'video/x-ms-wmx',
	'wmz' => 'application/x-ms-wmz',
	'wp6' => 'application/x-wp6',
	'wpd' => 'application/x-wpd',
	'wpg' => 'application/x-wpg',
	'wpl' => 'application/vnd.ms-wpl',
	'wq1' => 'application/x-wq1',
	'wr1' => 'application/x-wr1',
	'wri' => 'application/x-wri',
	'wrk' => 'application/x-wrk',
	'ws' => 'application/x-ws',
	'ws2' => 'application/x-ws',
	'wsc' => 'text/scriptlet',
	'wsdl' => 'text/xml',
	'wvx' => 'video/x-ms-wvx',
	'x_b' => 'application/x-x_b',
	'x_t' => 'application/x-x_t',
	'xap' => 'application/x-silverlight-app',
	'xdp' => 'application/vnd.adobe.xdp',
	'xdr' => 'text/xml',
	'xfd' => 'application/vnd.adobe.xfd',
	'xfdf' => 'application/vnd.adobe.xfdf',
	'xhtml' => 'text/html',
	'xls' => 'application/vnd.ms-excel',
	'xlw' => 'application/x-xlw',
	'xml' => 'text/xml',
	'xpl' => 'audio/scpls',
	'xq' => 'text/xml',
	'xql' => 'text/xml',
	'xquery' => 'text/xml',
	'xsd' => 'text/xml',
	'xsl' => 'text/xml',
	'xslt' => 'text/xml',
	'xwd' => 'application/x-xwd',
);

JSON 字符串

2015年11月4日

在浏览器端使用less.js解析less文件
非常喜欢 less 的变量、混合以及嵌套。当不断重复书写 CSS 时，嵌套 CSS 必不可少，却又略显多余。因为大部分情况下，它并没有提升编写 CSS 的能力，只是不断地重复。

了解到有多种 CSS 的扩展语言，首先尝试使用 less。

less 的特性有很多，支持变量、混合、嵌套、函数、运算、颜色函数、命名空间、作用域、文件引入、甚至 JavaScript 表达式。

利用 less.js 解析 less

第一步，引入 style.less 文件
```
<link rel="stylesheet/less" type="text/css" href="/static/ran/less/site/common.less?1.0.0"/>
```
注意 rel 属性需要设置为 stylesheet/less。

第二步，引入 less.js 文件
```
<script src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/less.js/2.5.3/less.min.js?1.0.0"></script>
```
一定要在所有 less 文件之后引入 less.js。

第三部，保证 common.less 可以通过 AJAX 输出

因为 less.js 通过 ajax 下载 common.less 文件，所以若 common.less 与当前网站不在同域，可能会导致无法下载。
若 common.less 与当前网站不同域，需要在 header 信息中增加 Access-Control-Allow-Origin，允许网站通过 AJAX 访问。
2015年10月26日

博客

__CLASS__

__DIR__

__FUNCTION__

__FILE__

__LINE__

__METHOD__

__TRAIT__

__NAMESPACE__

mysqldump 常用操作命令